雅思大作文提分探讨之如何避免高考英语写作的影响

西安编辑 2024-02-07 18:22

很多正在备考雅思的烤鸭都经历过或者即将经历高考英语的洗礼,学霸烤鸭们的高中英语写作得分很不错,书信作文往往能达到最高档(13-15分),但是雅思大作文却总是卡在5.5分,无法达到国外大部分院校小分6的要求。

“我的高中英语作文只扣了2分,可为什么雅思写作只有5.5呢?”在高中英语老师或是高考英语阅卷人的眼中,这些高分考生的作文近乎完美,但是在雅思考官的眼中,他们的大作文却连6分的标准也达不到。是什么原因导致了如此大的差异?

雅思大作文的评分标准总共分为四大项,分别是Task Response(任务回应)、Coherence and Cohesion(连贯与衔接)、Lexical Resources(词汇丰富度)和Grammatical Range and Accuracy(语法多样性及准确性)。很多考生受到高考英语作文评分细则的影响,对这四大评分项不甚理解,从而陷入思维的误区以及备考的误区,难以得到高分。

 

01 Task Response(任务回应)

高考英语作文评分细则(13-15分):

覆盖所有内容要点,考生只需要把题目中列出的要点全部写到,就能拿到高分。所以,大部分考生在备考的过程中都存在这样的想法:我只要多背诵一些好句好段甚至是一整篇范文,在考试的时候遇到差不多的主题直接套上去就好。

雅思大作文评分标准:

雅思作文

雅思大作文评分标准:

You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. Write at least 250 words:In order to solve traffic and housing problems in cities, the government encourages business to move to the rural area. Do you agree or disagree?

 

雅思大作文评分标准:

the government encourages business to move to the rural area. Firstly, it is obvious that moving businesses from city to rural areas would be beneficial to improve the living condition of residents in regional areas. This is because by building businesses in these areas, they can financially support infrastructure updates in rural areas, and therefore residents can enjoy more modern and convenient facilities. As business development drives economic development, it attracts investors to build much estate. This means that there would be more and more shopping centers, hospitals and other fundamental  constructions in rural areas, which helps to improve local people’s well-being.

考生曾经背诵过“encouraging business to move to the rural area”的好处与坏处,所以当遇到一道出现这些字眼的题,非常兴奋,不假思索地将背过的内容默写了出来,暗自得意“这回肯定要上7”。

但是,当考官用TR的要求来衡量这段文字,会发现这段文字根本没有扣题。题目中明确提到“为了解决住房和交通问题,政府鼓励商业迁往农村地区”,如果同意这个观点,只能写该措施如何有助于解决住房和交通问题,但是该考生写的是有利于提高农村人民的生活水平,与住房交通没有任何关联,明显跑题。所以,仅仅靠套用好词好句就想拿到高分是不靠谱的。

因此,想要TR拿到6分及以上,考生首先要做的就是认真审题,划出题目中的限定词,明确该题针对谁、有无明确的目的、有无比较级和最高级等,然后再判断曾经背过的论点是否适用,是否需要作出改动,最后再对删选好的论点进行合理有效的解释。

 

02  Coherence and Cohesion(连贯与衔接)

 

高考英语作文评分细则(13-15分):

有效使用了语句间的连接成分,使全文结构紧凑。

对于这一评分标准,考生认为只要把老师教过的表示各种逻辑关系的连接词全部用上,就能让文章看起来连贯通顺,从而拿到高分。

 

雅思大作文评分标准:

雅思作文

雅思大作文评分标准:

Some people believe famous people’s support towards international aid organizations draws the attention to problems, while others think celebrities make the problems less important. Discuss both views and give opinion.

 

雅思大作文评分标准:

Despite the above arguments, I believe that celebrities attending many charities is not always helpful. Firstly, some people just want to see their stars instead of participating in charity events or helping others. Besides, when some people see their stars, they always pay more attention to their appearance, words and behaviors. However, such activities lose the meaning of helping others. So, we cannot really aid people who are need charity to help.

考生在这段文字里用到了并列连接词firstly和besides、转折连接词however、因果连词so和一些从句,做到了大量使用连接成分。那么,是否有效呢?

重新审视考生作文,会发现这些连接词表达的逻辑关系和它们连接的两个句子之间的实际逻辑关系是对不上的,属于连接词误用,没有达到有效连接,无法得到高分。

因此,想要拿到6分及以上,考生必须明白文章是先有意连而后才有形连。先梳理清楚论据之间的逻辑关系,再加上合适的连接词。另外,对于重复出现的词汇或短语,考生要有使用代词、指代和同义替换的意识,以实现文章的连贯与简洁。

 

03 Lexical Resources(词汇丰富度)

 

高考英语作文评分细则(13-15分):

应用了较多的词汇,有些许错误,但为尽力使用较高级词汇所致,具备较强的语言运用能力。

大部分考生往往把这一评分标准错误理解为使用的词汇越高级越好,所以喜欢在单词书或词典里搜罗一些看起来很高级的长难词,对单词的语义和语境不加分析就用在句子中。

 

雅思大作文评分标准:

雅思作文

雅思大作文评分标准:

Advertising aimed at children is increasing. Some people think this has negative effects and should be banned. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

 

雅思大作文评分标准:

What is undeniable is that an increasing number of advertisements targeting children are showed on television nowadays. Based on this truth, someone proposes a suggestion that we should suppress them because of their destructive impact. From where i stand, it seems like an opinionated movement to deal with the problem.

考生仅在这个开头段就用到了四个“高级”词汇:suppress、destructive、opinionated和movement。那么,是否真的体现出较高的写作水平呢?

当我们认真分析这四个词的英文释义“suppress:If someone in authority suppresses an activity, they prevent it from continuing, by using force or making it illegal;destructive:Something that is destructive causes or is capable of causing great damage, harm, or injury;opinionated:having very strong opinions that you are not willing to change ;movement: a movement is a group of people who share the same beliefs, ideas, or aims”,会发现这四个词的使用都不恰当,不仅没有达到使用不常见词汇的目的,反而损失了用词的准确性。为追求高级而一昧使用长难词的做法是得不偿失的。

因此,考生遇到不会表达的单词一定要查词典,不仅要查出单词的英文释义是什么,还要查例句,从中选出适合当前语境的单词并模仿例句来造句。另外,写作不是考察单个的单词,考生还要有意识地去背诵常考话题如教育、科技、环境、犯罪、媒体等的相关高频词组和固定搭配,并用在平时的练习中。

 

04 Grammatical Range and Accuracy(语法多样性及准确性)

 

高考英语作文评分细则(13-15分):应用了较多的语法结构,有些许错误,但为尽力使用较复杂结构所致。

大部分考生只注意到“较多的语法结构和复杂结构”,坚定地认为长难句是体现高语言水平的最直接方式,恨不得所有句子都写得很长,从句套从句。

 

雅思大作文评分标准:

雅思作文

雅思大作文评分标准:

Advertising aimed at children is increasing. Some people think this has negative effects and should be banned. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

 

雅思大作文评分标准:

Those advertisements exposing to children contain violence and sexual implications, which may have an adverse impact on children’s psychological health as they grow up should be banned.

考生想用一个非常复杂的长难句来惊艳考官,所以在这句话里用到了非谓语动词、定语从句和时间状语从句。再仔细分析这句话,会发现非谓语结构用错了,谓语动词出现了两个,整个句子读起来不通顺也不流畅。语言的形式是由其内容决定的,要表达复杂内容的时候才是长难句出现的契机,要表达简单内容的时候就用简单句即可。否则,会出现句子错误、啰嗦、冗长的问题。

因此,考生要走出一昧使用长难句的误区,在确保语法正确性的情况下再去使用一些复杂结构,并在使用的过程中注意长短结合,可形成简单句写论点、从句写论据的习惯。

 

综上所述,6分以上的雅思作文并不是因为语言多么高级,而是因为它能用准确的词汇和语法来完整地回应题目要求,清晰地表达个人观点,有效地论证论点。因此,受高考英语写作备考误区影响较大的考生要摒弃错误的写作思维,严格按照雅思写作的评分标准要求自己,写出符合雅思考官心意的作文。

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