SAT语法部分要保障高分或冲满分,必须要攻克一个考察频率很高的考点-transition,又叫做逻辑关系题。每次考试出现频率高(2-4个题量),难度浮动比较大。
具体来说,题目会在原文中两句话之间的某个逻辑关联词下面划下划线,然后选项中还有三个提示其他逻辑关系的词,需要考生对此处应该填的逻辑关联词进行判断。
逻辑关系题备考
在备考过程中,如果发现这个考点的题目出错频率较高,首先需要分析错因:
中国考生有几个障碍,首先需要对于常用的【逻辑关系提示词】要有一个清晰的把握和认识,即需要明确这些逻辑关系提示词提示的是何种逻辑关系。然而,我们的考生总是傻傻分不清一些词的用法,不知道要如何准确使用。
其次,真正让大家头疼还是缺少如何判断前后两句话之间到底是什么逻辑关系的能力。因为在国内高中的英语学习过程中,课堂主要集中在单词和语法上,对句子间的潜移默化的逻辑关系并没有过多的关注。换句话说,就是不知道歪果仁为什么要把这两句话或这两段话前后放在一起,难道就是为了多写一点内容?
由于在这方面训练的空缺,中国学生在进行学术写作时,往往缺乏逻辑衔接性,导致写出来的句与句之间没有关系,歪果仁看的是很晦涩,产生了思维的“鸿沟”。有时候,即便用了逻辑关系词,也是生搬硬套,产生“假”逻辑,没有做到前后“解释”。比如后一句并不是例子,却用了“for example”,让读者蒙圈。
因此学好这种题型,也是帮助中国学生在英文学术写作中进入一个新级别。
破逻辑关系题
针对上面提出的问题,我们就要有相应的招数破解。
学习重点
(1)必须要掌握各高低频逻辑词用法,清晰所属逻辑类别;
(2)易混淆逻辑类别如何区分:如in addition,for example,therefore,indeed为代表的逻辑本质区别;
(3)文章考察的上下句核心内容的提炼与逻辑关系的判定,从而准确选择对应的逻辑词。
通过下面四个例子,我们来进一步分析和讲解逻辑关系题:
1. Members assert that food should be flavorful, carrying the properties of a particular region; it should be raised using environmentally sustainable practices that preserve biodiversity; and it should be accessible to all without exploiting the labors of those who produced it. In short, Slow Food runs programs that support small-scale producers in marketing regional foods in a world where food corporations threaten to drive them out of the marketplace and homogenize food choices.
A、NO CHANGE
B、Nonetheless
C、To these ends
D、By the same token
解析:
从语法角度上来讲,4个选项都没有错误,如果直接带入选项很容易被误导选错。
做对题目的关键就是要通过上下句理解和关系判定,所以首要步骤就是要翻译这两句话句话,用母语来理解逻辑关系就会比较容易和通顺。
此题前句是个长难句,通过分析,发现它是由三个句子构成的平行结构:food should be...; it should be...; and it should be...;作者先对food 的观点进行强调,后句为核心点:Slow Food runs programs that...,呈现run programs 这一具体行动,因为前面的原因导致后面的结果,对应C选项—>to these ends(因果)。其他都不合逻辑,In short 概括总结性用语,Nonetheless 让步或转折,By the same token 相似性。
2. A chemical “fix bath” turns the negative image into a positive one. The photo is then immersed in water and warmed. In conclusion, it is coated with lavender oil to give it (a protective finish) (2017年10月)
A、NO CHANCE
B、Finally
C、Thus
D、Nevertheless
解析:
前面两个句子交代了前两个步骤。通过前一句的“then”可以知道前一句是第二个步骤,最后一句是最后一个步骤。所以按照时间顺序。B项“finally”符合要求。
ABD项:“综上所述”“因此”“然而”都不符合逻辑关系。
3. Also, the arts industry employs a wide variety of workers—no just creative professionals such as painters, musicians, and actors, but also administrative staff, event planners, and maintenance workers.However, according to Suzan Jenkins of the Arts and Humanities Council of Montgomery County, Maryland, these jobs are likely to remain within the community.
A、NO CHANGE
B、For instance
C、Furthermore
D、In other words
It certainly is annoying that work-related emails pop up during after-work hours and interrupts our personal time. In response, companies are advised to prohibit sending work-related email to their staffs out of office hours, in particular, on weekends. Although the ban intends to reduce dissatisfaction among staffs, it is unlikely to actually make stuffs less disgruntled.
解析:
前句交代“艺术产业雇佣了多种工人,不仅有专业人士还有管理人员维护人员等”,后句交代“这些工作很可能一直保留在这个社区”,两句话均为艺术产业为一个社区带来的好处,因此为递进关系,C项正确。
常见的干扰项为“B For instance”,很多同学会认为后面是一个例子,因为有大写的专有名词,特别像是一个例子。但是,如果是例子,那么后文应该是employ这些workers具体干了一些什么事,而不是下文的这些工作要在社区里一直保留,这可以看作为另一个限定条件对于那些workers。
4. Paragraph 3 Any New York City construction project using municipal funds is required to consider whether historical artifacts will be affected during construction, and if that possibility exists, an urban archaeologist must be consulted. Since the South Street Seaport area was a bustling commercial center for early colonists, Loorya anticipated that a rich history lay beneath the pavement. “It’s our job to document and recover that history before it’s lost,” she said.
Paragraph 4 As the work continued, therefore, the team faced obstacles. Fieldwork in a city has to be done intermittently: the construction crew had to proceed one block at a time to avoid interrupting traffic, and the archaeology team’s work was periodically halted by stormy weather and the discovery of toxic materials underground.
A、NO CHANGE
B、though
C、meanwhile
D、similarly
解析:
当选两段话之间的逻辑关系时候,很多同学一下就慌了,畏难情绪瞬间出现,因为内容突然增多,判断起来更辛苦,其实大可不必。对于寻找段落的逻辑关系,是需要回顾一下上一段话的中心大意(一般出现在首二句或者末句),确定好后,再看看下一段的The first句(中心句),来判断他们之间的暗含的逻辑关系。
前一段提到挖掘工作需要的准备。本段The first句提到工作开始之后面临了很多的问题,两个之间在意思上不纯在“因果,同时,和同样的”关系。所以B选项“though”做副词表示“转折”是最合适的。另外一些同学纠结C选项,他们会理解成在工作的同时,他们面临了一些困难。实际上,开头段“as”这个词已经可以表示“当…时候”,表达上产生了语义的重复。大家还记得Sat的“核心”考察吗,简洁且避免重复!!
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