涨知识：“病毒”英语小百科 - 唐铄

英文百科之病毒Virus

1， 起源

A virus is the smallest type of parasite to exist, replicating within the cells of animals, plants and bacteria. Viruses are classified into different families based on whether the nucleic acid is single- or double- stranded; whether their envelopes are present; and their mode of replication.

病毒是现存的最小类型的寄生虫，在动物、植物和细菌的细胞内复制。根据核酸是单链还是双链; 是否有信封; 以及它们的复制方式, 病毒可分为不同的科; 

——真的alive吗

When researchers first discovered viruses they considered as biologically "alive." However, in the 1930s, scientists found that visions lacked the mechanisms that are required for metabolic function, simply consisting of DNA or RNA. Therefore, viruses are then thought to be biochemical mechanisms rather than living organisms.

当研究人员发现病毒时，他们认为病毒在生物学上是“活的”。然而，在20世纪30年代，科学家发现病毒粒子缺乏代谢功能所需的机制，仅仅由DNA或RNA组成。因此，病毒被认为是生化机制而不是生物体。

2， 病毒与野味

猩猩与艾滋病 chimps and aids (1921)

猴子与马尔堡病毒 monkeys and Marburg virus (1967)

果子狸与非典 civet and SARS (2003)

果蝠与埃博拉 bats and Ebola virus (2014)

蝙蝠与新型冠状病毒 bats and coronavirus (2019)

3， 那些关于病毒肆虐的电影

《我是传奇》I am legend

In 2012, humans were wiped out by an infectious virus, leaving only one former military virologist, who had antibodies that prevented him from becoming infected. He then became the only survivor in New York City.

在2012年，人类被传染病毒击溃，只剩下一名前军方病毒学家，他因为体内有抗体所以没有被感染，成为了纽约市的幸存者。

《釜山行》Train to Busan

It tells the story of a single father taking his daughter on a train to Busan. A infectious virus suddenly broke out on the train and the whole train fell into a disaster.

讲述了一名单亲父亲带着女儿乘坐一辆前往釜山的列车，车上突然爆发了传染性病毒，瞬间全车陷入了一场灾难之中的故事。

《流感》The Flu

It tells the story of a deadly cold virus suddenly broke out in a South Korean city. The leading actors then found the virus host, facing the crisis all together.

讲述了韩国某座城市突然爆发了一场致命性感冒病毒，男主与女主两人共同寻找病毒宿主，接触病毒危机的故事。

《惊变28天》28 Days Later

It tells a story of a deadly virus only taking 28 days to turn the bustling London into a dead city. Three people who survived from the death then decided to look for hope, only to find the real terror was not the virus...

一场致命性病毒仅用了28天的时间，就将繁华的伦敦变成一座死城，死里逃生的三人决定寻找希望，结果才发现真正恐怖的竟不是病毒……

《生化危机1》Resident Evil

This movie is based on the game of the same name. It tells the story of a virus outbreak in the bioengineering laboratory of Ambrera. A rescue team was assigned to isolate the virus in a lab, but only found out that they were dealing with a group of zombies….

根据同名游戏改编而成，讲述了一种病毒在安布雷拉公司的生物工程实验室中爆发，为了不让病毒外泄，超级计算机“红皇后”将整个实验室封闭起来。一个救援小组奉命到实验室中将病毒隔绝起来，可到那之后才发现了，他们所面对的是一群丧尸，只要被咬上一口就会变成丧尸。

《极度恐慌》Outbreak

It tells the story of a virus expert was ordered to investigate Africa's mysterious deadly bacteria, finding that someone has been smuggled infected monkeys into the United. The virus had been spread in a California town rapidly. More important, he had to deal with the military's machinations.

讲述了一名病毒专家奉命调查非洲的神秘致命病菌，发现已有人因走私非洲野猴而将病毒传入美国，并在加州小镇中迅速蔓延。更重要的是，他需要应付军方斩尽杀绝的阴谋。

《十二猴子》Twelve Monkeys

After the world is invaded by a deadly virus, the surviving humans will have to live underground. To solve the problem, scientists decided to send volunteers back in time to find the source of the virus.

在未来世界，世界被一种致命性病毒入侵之后，幸存的人类只能生活在地下。为了解决这一问题，科学家决定派出志愿者回到过去找到病毒的源头。

4， 来点干货 collocation examples

Virus: deadly virus/ be infected with virus/ pass the virus to others/ virus infection/ virus vaccine/ carry the virus/ virus outbreak…

Disease: infectious/ rare/ chronic/ inherited/ insect-borne disease; the symptoms of a disease; the treatment for/of a disease; a cure for a disease; outbreak of a disease; resistance to disease; the disease has been eradicated/ stamped out/ wiped out; control the disease; spread the disease…